![]() ![]() Which seems better to me?’ Imagining how this alien in your position would choose-or how the choice would seem to them-I think can be a good way to strip away all of that baggage and see what seems like the best thing to do in the situation, setting aside the fact that it’s me.” I’m faced with the decision now of two more years of grad school in exchange for this degree, or doing something else. So the alien is just asking themselves, ‘Here I am. “The thought experiment is to imagine an alien just teleported into your body-into your position-and is now finding themselves in your life, faced with these decisions, but without all of the emotional baggage that you have from the fact that you’ve been doing this for years. Geek's Guide to the Galaxy It’s Never Been Easier to Make an Adventure Game Would you then feel like it was a good thing if that lifespan was cut in half-down to 85-by some genetic mutation? Would you say, ‘Yes! Now society will start to change faster’? Or would you say, ‘No, this is such a tragedy that we used to get to live 170 years and now we’re only living 85 years’? So I think flipping that around can really change your intuitions about which lifespan is preferable.” ‘If we lived longer, we would get bored’ or ‘If we lived longer, the pace of change in society would be too slow, because social mores and new innovations change by older generations dying out and new generations getting to take their place in society.’ … To test to see whether your motivation to defend the current lifespan is partly the result of status quo bias, you can imagine that an 85-year lifespan was not the status quo, and that instead the status quo was 170 years. Even if we could find a way to extend that, we shouldn’t.’ And they have various reasons for why that would be bad. “Some people will argue, ‘No, it’s good that the human lifespan is only about 85 years. ![]() Do you have good posture? Do you speak in a confident tone of voice? Do you go out and take charge and make things happen? Are you comfortable speaking in front of groups and putting your ideas out there? And what I learned-both from looking at the few academic studies that I actually thought were decent, and then also looking at real-life case studies, like Jeff Bezos-is that social confidence is what matters for winning people over and getting them to look up to you and follow you.” Are you 100 percent certain your company is going to succeed or are you only 30 percent certain? … And then the other type of confidence is what I call ‘social confidence,’ and that’s about how self-assured you are. “We tend to conflate two different things that we mean by the word ‘confidence.’ One of them I call ‘epistemic confidence,’ and that’s how much certainty you have in your beliefs. And check out some highlights from the discussion below. Listen to the complete interview with Julia Galef in Episode 462 of Geek’s Guide to the Galaxy (above). And yet he fails to learn from those instances of missed predictions because instead he just shrugs and says, ‘Well, the world didn’t behave the way it should have.'” “He’s interacted with non-Vulcans before, and so presumably he’s had lots of opportunities to see that, actually, lots of people don’t behave the way he thinks they-rationally -should behave. Spock’s biggest weakness is his failure to understand that other people don’t always behave “logically.” He also makes no attempt to update his approach, even when his mistakes get his crewmates killed. “The more confident he says he is that something will happen-that the ship will crash, or that they will find survivors-the less likely it is to happen, and the less confident he is in something, the more likely it is to happen,” Galef says. Not only does Spock have a terrible track record-events he describes as “impossible” happen 83 percent of the time-but his confidence level is actually anti-correlated with reality. The results, which appear in Galef’s new book The Scout Mindset, are devastating. “I catalogued all instances in which Spock made a prediction and that prediction either came true or didn’t.” “I went through all of the Star Trek episodes and movies-all of the transcripts that I could find-and searched for any instance in which Spock is using the words ‘odds,’ ‘probability,’ ‘chance,’ ‘definitely,’ ‘probably,’ etc.,” she says. Galef was curious to see exactly how often these predictions pan out. In the franchise, Spock makes confident predictions based on his superior Vulcan mind.
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![]() (Note that you need about 50GB of disk space.) Next, download macOS Ventura from the App Store and run it. If you want to try out Ventura without risking any changes to the system you use daily, use the macOS Disk Utility app to create a new volume on your hard disk and call it Ventura-or anything else you'll remember. Now that we're at the second point release, version 13.2, it's probably safe to go ahead and update your Mac to the new OS version, though there's always the possibility that something won't work after updating (as you'll see if you peruse Apple's support forums). You also get new security features like passkeys, a secure login method that's an alternative to passwords. To make it work effortlessly, Apple is selling a $29.95 mounting bracket by Belkin that snaps onto your laptop, though it's not required. For example, you can now use your iPhone as your Mac's webcam, a feature called Continuity Camera. Ventura continues Apple's push to integrate iOS and macOS. Instead, it improves the operating system's look, feel, and security, and it adds flexible new features like a family-shared photo library in Photos. ![]() Unlike last year's macOS Monterey, Ventura doesn't confront you with a major overhaul to the interface. The second's major contribution is support for hardware security keys like the YubiKey, something that's been available in Windows for several years. The first added a completely new collaborative whiteboard-style app called Freeform. Since our initial review, the OS has received two point updates, 13.1 and 13.2. There's still room for improvement, but Ventura makes the case that macOS is the most enjoyable and productive OS overall, as well as a PCMag Editors' Choice winner. Apple adds dozens of smaller changes and improvements, plus a few interface changes that make macOS more consistent with iPhones and iPads. The most visible new feature is Stage Manager, which lets you focus on one or two apps with fewer distractions. Happy, yes, but no one will be especially excited, which is why Ventura is exactly the kind of upgrade a smooth, elegant operating system like macOS should get. Some features, applications and services may not be available in all regions or all languages.Just about every Mac user will be happy with macOS Ventura, the latest version of Apple's desktop and laptop operating system, available as a free download for any compatible Mac.
![]() MainStage, for live performances, has been updated to version 3.6.5 for the Mac. However, GarageBand for iPadOS typically sees updates around the same time as the Mac. The new release is a 854.1MB, and is available via the Mac App Store.Īt time of writing, the iPad version of GarageBand has not been updated. The Mac version of music-creation app GarageBand has been updated to version 10.4.9. Logic Pro for the iPad is a $50 annual subscription, and with the new update can be downloaded directly from the App Store. The Mac update is free to existing users and can be downloaded from the Mac App Store. There's also now a Quick Sampler plug-in for the iPad edition of Logic Pro, which lets users "quickly create sampler instruments from virtually any sound." The Mastering Assistant delivers "a release-ready mix," using its "professional palette of intuitive sound-shaping tools."įor the iPad edition, Apple has added a new Recorder mode, in which "users can create instruments and drum kits by directly recording audio with the built-in microphone or a connected audio input, allowing for instrument creation to happen just about anywhere." Mastering Assistant with sound-shaping toolsįree "Hybrid Textures" Sample Academy packīeat Breaker time- and pitch-morphing plug-inģ2-bit float recording on supported devicesĪpple says that the new Slip and Rotate tools "allow for the contents inside a region to be moved independent of their position on the timeline." The iPad edition has similarly been updated, and is now on version 1.1.įor both, Apple has added a series of new tools: The Mac version of Logic Pro has been updated to version 10.8, and is a 1.15GB download from the Mac App Store. Now following the release of macOS Sonoma and iOS 17, Apple has updated them again - although there are only new features for Logic Pro. ![]() ![]() If the device requires a driver to function, make sure an up-to-date driver is included with the device or that one is available from the manufacturer.Apple's trio of music-related apps have each now been updated with unspecified bug fixes on the Mac, while Logic Pro has also added a series of new features including a Mastering Assistant.Īpple regularly updates Logic Pro, GarageBand, and MainStage, but perhaps the last significant release for each was after the launch of macOS Ventura and iOS 16 in November 2022. MainStage works with any audio interface that's compatible with your version of macOS. What documentation is available for MainStage?Īccess the MainStage User Guide online Which audio interfaces not made by Apple are qualified for use with MainStage? Locate the appropriate sales contact number for your organization at. How do I purchase a Volume License for MainStage? View Apple Media Services Terms and Conditions for detailed information. How many computers can I install MainStage on? View the MainStage Release notes for detailed information Is a trial version of MainStage available? Check the Logic Pro technical specifications What's new in MainStage? The minimum system requirements for MainStage are the same as Logic Pro. Purchase and download MainStage from the Mac App Store What are the system requirements for MainStage? Where can I purchase and download MainStage? ![]() Most pumps come with interchangeable valve attachments, allowing you to switch between different valve types. When choosing an air pump valve for your bicycle, it’s important to consider the type of valve nozzle your bike uses. Without a proper valve, the pump would not be able to inflate the tire efficiently. It is responsible for creating an airtight seal between the pump and the tire valve, allowing air to be transferred effectively. The air pump valve is an essential component of bicycle air pumps. Dunlop valve nozzles require a specific pump attachment for inflation. They have a similar design to the Presta valve but are wider and have a different threading. ĭunlop Valve Nozzle: Also known as the Woods valve, Dunlop valve nozzles are less common but can still be found on some older bicycles.They provide a more secure and precise inflation. Presta valves have a lock nut that needs to be loosened before inflating the tire. ![]() They have a narrower diameter and require a different pump attachment. Presta Valve Nozzle: Presta valve nozzles are commonly found on road bikes and high-performance bicycles. Schrader valve nozzles are easy to use and can be inflated at most gas stations. It has a wider diameter and is similar to the valves used in car tires. Schrader Valve Nozzle: This type of valve nozzle is commonly found on mountain bikes, hybrid bikes, and some children’s bikes. Here are the three most common types of bike pump nozzles: It’s important to choose the right pump nozzle that matches your bike’s valve to ensure a secure and airtight connection. Different Types of Bike Pump Nozzlesīike pump nozzles, also referred to as valve nozzles or pump heads, come in various shapes and sizes to accommodate different types of valves on bicycle tires. Hand pumps, on the other hand, are smaller and more portable, making them convenient for on-the-go inflation. They typically have a long hose and a large pressure gauge, making them ideal for home use. Floor pumps, also known as track pumps, are larger and provide higher air volume with each stroke. There are two main types of bicycle air pumps: floor pumps and hand pumps. When you operate the pump, it creates a high-pressure environment inside the pump chamber, forcing air into the tire through the valve nozzle. The pump head or attachment is the part that connects the pump to the valve on the tire. The Working Principle of Bicycle Air Pumpsīicycle air pumps work on a simple principle: they use manual or mechanical force to compress air and transfer it into the bike tires. In this article, we will explore the working principle of bicycle air pumps, the different types of bike pump nozzles, and the importance of air pump valves for bicycles. Whether you’re a casual rider or a seasoned cyclist, understanding the basics of bicycle air pumps is crucial for keeping your tires properly inflated and avoiding unnecessary flats. ![]() Understanding the Basics of Bicycle Air Pumps Image by Donald Trung Quoc Don (Chữ Hán: 徵國單) – Wikimedia Commons, Wikimedia Commons, Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0.īicycle air pumps are essential tools for maintaining proper tire pressure and ensuring a smooth and safe ride. Please note that the compatibility mentioned above is a general guideline, and it is always recommended to check your bicycle’s valve type before purchasing an air pump nozzle. Key Takeaways Nozzle Type Compatibility Presta Road bikes Schrader Mountain bikes Dunlop Hybrid bikes It is a must-have tool for any cyclist, whether you are a casual rider or a professional athlete. With the air pump nozzle, you can quickly and efficiently inflate your bike tires, ensuring optimal performance and a smooth ride. The nozzle is designed to fit securely onto the valve of the bicycle tire, ensuring a tight seal and preventing any air from escaping during inflation. It is a small device that attaches to the end of a bicycle pump and allows you to inflate the tires with ease. The air pump nozzle for bicycles is an essential accessory for every cyclist. |
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